It has hardly been the most exciting election campaign in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran. With many of the more liberal or reformist candidates disqualified, the conservatives look certain to consolidate control in the parliament.
But this election could mark an important change in Iran – a crucial marker in the rising power of the military. And that could have important implications for the world, as hardliners tighten their grip on policy.
The Revolutionary Guards (full name Islamic Revolution Guards Corps) have been steadily gaining power since President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad took power nearly three years ago. Former Guards commanders, including the president himself, have many of the top jobs in the government.
Electoral gains
Now former members of the Revolutionary Guards are expecting to win many seats in parliament, eclipsing the power of the Shia Muslim clergy.
Karim Sadjadpour, an Iran analyst at the Carnegie Endowment in Washington, says that the rise of the military is the single most important current development in Iranian politics. “As an institution I think that the Revolutionary Guards are really now the X-factor in both the political scene and the economic scene,” he said.
“Whereas 10 or 15 years ago people used to say ‘well I have a contact that is very powerful because he is related to such-and-such clergyman’, these days in Iran people say ‘I have a contact, he is very powerful because he is related to such-and-such Revolutionary Guardsman’.”
They are powerful and rich, quite possibly. Over the last few years, the Revolutionary Guards have been awarded government contracts worth billions of dollars. In fact, the parliament recently ruled that they should have first refusal on all government contracts. They are building dams and roads and they are becoming the largest single force in the oil industry. They even run Tehran’s new international airport.
Saeed Leylaz, a former Revolutionary Guards officer himself, says that this has just made them hungry for more power. “I can tell you that military forces are impatient to have more political power and impact. They have enough economic power, administration power. They have good experience level in administration or executive issues.”
As part of that trend, Iran is becoming a more authoritarian country. Dissent is being ruthlessly suppressed. Anti-government demonstrations are almost unheard of. The human rights lawyer and Nobel peace prize winner Shirin Ebadi, says it is a symptom of an unpopular government.
“This is a government that is not popular as it wishes.”
Western fears
The West also has plenty to fear from the rise of the Iranian military. The Revolutionary Guard captured the British sailors last year, and is blamed by the Americans for supporting insurgents in Iraq, and supplying weapons to Hezbollah and Hamas.
So as the military tighten their grip on the Iranian government, expect an ever more uncompromising line on the nuclear issue, and even more active intervention across the Middle East.
Much of this has become apparent since the election of President Ahmadinejad. Yet he may be as much symptom as cause – puppet as much as puppet-master. Real power in Iran is held by the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and those around him.
Building up the power of the military may be his way of consolidating control, or building a new power base, to reduce his dependence on the senior ayatollahs who have sometimes questioned his religious credentials.
Certainly in the short term it appears that Ayatollah Khamenei will be the big winner in this election, as this new generation of ex-military leaders comes to power, all directly owing their positions to him.
Above all Iran is likely to see a more uniformly hardline government. Any dreams the West had of moderates regaining power in Tehran, are surely over. And that is a major development Washington, London and other Western governments will have to work out how to deal with.
– BBC News
