While woollen clothes are indispensable in this chilling cold, there exists the possibility of a skin rash because of the type of wooLlen fabric used. Many a time, the minute one takes off cardigan/muffler/stole one feels the urge to itch.
For those who have sensitive skin, the itching can be really bad and can result in red patches which burn! The itch or ‘prickle’, occurs when the ends of some wool fibres push against the wearer’s skin, resulting in nerve endings in the skin being stimulated. This causes skin irritation resulting in scratching which leads to the release of histamines in the skin and inflammation followed by yet more itching.
Since the fibres of wool are short, coarse and can irritate the skin, most believe that it is an allergic reaction but, “It is extremely rare for anyone to suffer a true allergic reaction to wool,” clarifies Dr Kiran Lohia, MD, dermatologist and cosmetologist. Yet, it is also correct that sensitive or thinner skin (which youngsters have) is more prone to irritability than normal or older skin.
The outside temperature and moisture in the environment can also lead to itching of skin. Irritation can also be caused if wool is worn in high temperatures (for instance, bright and sunny days in winter) or moist weather (after a sudden winter shower).” This could be a major reason why many people (including a lot of youth) avoid wearing sweaters without realising the cause for itchy skin!
The thickness or diameter of the wool fibres in the garment are a major factor of skin trouble. In general, 30 microns is the cut off point below which individual fibres are not detectable by human skin. The yarn on which the fabric is constructed and finished also affects the skin. Between woollen spun and worsted spun yarn for example, worsted will produce a flatter, smoother yarn and ensure that any coarser fibres are lying flat and not sticking out to dig into the skin later.
Washing a brand new woollen sweater before use is also recommended in researches, as it may not actually be the wool which is itching but certain finishing products added to the garment.
The best way to avoid irritation is to avoid the wool from getting direct contact with the skin. “Wear a layer of cotton or other soft fibre underneath and do not allow your skin to get directly exposed to wool in the first place. Also, stop using soap as it has a pH value around 8 which disrupts the pH of skin (which is 5),” prescribes Dr Kiran and adds that if the skin irritation gets severe then one must consult a dermatologist who may then prescribe an anti-itching cream or temporary steroids post examination.