Band of the matter

Radio Frequency Spectrum is the entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that is used as carrier of wireless transmission. It is, therefore, the basic requirement for providing wireless services.

Spectrum, also dubbed radio waves, is a finite but non-consumable global natural resource and commands high economic value due to heavy demand in the telecom sector.

Frequencies are allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) at World Radio Communication Conferences. India falls in the ITU region III.

Allocations are made on the regional basis, for different services. The allocation of ITU radio regulations exists from 9 KHz to 1000 GHz. In India, the radio frequencies are confined between 9 KHz and 400 GHz.

In India, mobile services using the GSM technology work in the frequency bands of 900 and 1800 MHz and those in CDMA club works in the 800 MHz band.

The Wireless Planning and Co-ordination (WPC) Wing in the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) deals with the policy of spectrum management, wireless licensing and frequency assignments.

The spectrum allocation policy is contained in the national frequency allocation plan, based on the international radio regulations.

Historically, all bands of radio waves were given to Defence Ministry to be used for its communication needs. The DOT always approach Defence Ministry and get spectrum band  released for use in the commercial sector.

Unlike other natural resources, radio frequency spectrum is not exhausted when used. But it could be wasted if not used efficiently.