“We can help, as linguists, in preparing material for preserving these languages, but eventually it is the communities that must want to preserve the language,” Jean Robert Opgenort, a Unesco researcher for endangered languages in Himalayas, said.
Linguists like Opegnort and educators discussed how to revive endangered languages at a two-day international seminar recently. The event was organised by heritage conservation body Intach to assess the findings of the ‘Unesco Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger’, 2009, that said 196 Indian languages were endangered.
“In areas in the Himalayan region there are small number of speakers of Sino-tibetan languages, which are unwritten and poorly documented. Here parents can play an essential role.” S K Mishra, chairman of Intach, said, “Educationists must derive plan and policy for encouraging mother tongues to be learnt in initial stages. In the global scenario, English and in India the dominance of Hindi is killing so many languages. For example regional and tribal languages like Chattissgarhi and Bagheli are hardly spoken by the newer generations.”
Another scholar, Lisa Lomdak from the Arunachal Institute of Tribal Studies discussed the threats to tribal languages which according to the experts amount to 80 percent of the endangered languages enlisted by Unesco. She said, “The advantages of using Hindi are many but this process is now leading us to a critical state of language loss. It is replacing the mother tongue of tribals significantly in the domestic domain. We have come to a critical situation where generations of youngsters are acquiring Arunachalee Hindi rather than their own mother tongue.”
Anvita Abbi, from the Centre of Linguists of Jawaharlal Nehru University, said that India earlier followed an effective ‘four language formula.’ “Children were taught their mother tongue, the regional language, lingua franca or link language like Hindi as well as a English,” Abbi said. “Now instead of ignoring them for choosing Hindi or English we must advocate the use of the mother tongue even in school,” she added.
