<p>US Army researchers aim to develop tiny robotic flies that could buzz into an enemy operations center for surveillance.<br /><br /></p>.<p>Dr Ron Polcawich and his team at the US Army Research Laboratory, known as ARL, in Adelphi, Maryland, have developed a pair of tiny robotic wings measuring only 3 to 5 centimetres in length.<br /><br />The wings are made of lead zirconium titanate, referred to as PZT, a material that creates electric charge under an applied pressure or can create strain (ie motion) under an applied voltage or electric field.<br /><br />The wings bend and flap when voltage is applied to the PZT material.<br />"We demonstrated that we can actually create lift. So we know this structure has the potential to fly," Polcawich said.<br /><br />Polcawich heads the piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems, or PiezoMEMS team, at ARL. They have designed ultrasonic motors that measure only 2 to 3 millimetres in diameter.<br /><br />They have also designed sets of tiny robotic legs for a millipede-like robot that simulate crawling when voltage is applied to the PZT material.<br /><br />While the legs and wings are currently functional, Polcawich said it may take another 10 to 15 years of research and development to actually produce fully-functional robotic insects.<br /><br />For instance, algorithms are needed to simulate how a flying insect stabilises itself, he said.<br /><br />In a gust of wind a fly "doesn't instantaneously stabilise itself. It will tumble, tumble, and then stabilise itself," Polcawich said.<br /><br />Creating this type of artificial intelligence or "cognitive ability" will take time, he explained.<br /><br />A number of different systems must be integrated in order to develop a realistic tiny robot that functions like an insect.<br /><br />Harvard University's Ron Wood is actually further along in developing a robotic fly, Polcawich said.<br /><br />But Harvard's "RoboFly" is almost three times larger than the one ARL is working to develop. And the smaller a mechanical device, the more intricate are the aerodynamic problems, Polcawich said. <br /></p>
<p>US Army researchers aim to develop tiny robotic flies that could buzz into an enemy operations center for surveillance.<br /><br /></p>.<p>Dr Ron Polcawich and his team at the US Army Research Laboratory, known as ARL, in Adelphi, Maryland, have developed a pair of tiny robotic wings measuring only 3 to 5 centimetres in length.<br /><br />The wings are made of lead zirconium titanate, referred to as PZT, a material that creates electric charge under an applied pressure or can create strain (ie motion) under an applied voltage or electric field.<br /><br />The wings bend and flap when voltage is applied to the PZT material.<br />"We demonstrated that we can actually create lift. So we know this structure has the potential to fly," Polcawich said.<br /><br />Polcawich heads the piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems, or PiezoMEMS team, at ARL. They have designed ultrasonic motors that measure only 2 to 3 millimetres in diameter.<br /><br />They have also designed sets of tiny robotic legs for a millipede-like robot that simulate crawling when voltage is applied to the PZT material.<br /><br />While the legs and wings are currently functional, Polcawich said it may take another 10 to 15 years of research and development to actually produce fully-functional robotic insects.<br /><br />For instance, algorithms are needed to simulate how a flying insect stabilises itself, he said.<br /><br />In a gust of wind a fly "doesn't instantaneously stabilise itself. It will tumble, tumble, and then stabilise itself," Polcawich said.<br /><br />Creating this type of artificial intelligence or "cognitive ability" will take time, he explained.<br /><br />A number of different systems must be integrated in order to develop a realistic tiny robot that functions like an insect.<br /><br />Harvard University's Ron Wood is actually further along in developing a robotic fly, Polcawich said.<br /><br />But Harvard's "RoboFly" is almost three times larger than the one ARL is working to develop. And the smaller a mechanical device, the more intricate are the aerodynamic problems, Polcawich said. <br /></p>