<div align="justify">Eating chocolates regularly can help boost cognitive abilities and mental health, as well as reduce memory decline in older adults, a study has found.<br /><br />Researchers from University of L'Aquila in Italy found that the cocoa bean is a rich source of flavanols - a class of natural compounds that has neuroprotective effects.<br /><br />They examined existing studies for the effects of acute and chronic administration of cocoa flavanols on different cognitive domains.<div align="justify"><br />Although randomised controlled trials investigating the acute effect of cocoa flavanols are sparse, most of them point towards a beneficial effect on cognitive performance.</div><div align="justify"><br />Participants showed, among others, enhancements in working memory performance and improved visual information processing after having had cocoa flavanols.</div><div align="justify"><br />For women, eating cocoa after a night of total sleep deprivation counteracted the cognitive impairment that such a night brings about, researchers said.<br /><br />Promising results for people that suffer from chronic sleep deprivation or work shifts.<br /><br />It has to be noted though, that the effects depended on the length and mental load of the used cognitive tests to measure the effect of acute cocoa consumption.<br /><br />In young and healthy adults, for example, a high demanding cognitive test was required to uncover the subtle immediate behavioural effects that cocoa flavanols have on this group.</div><div align="justify"><br />The effects of relatively long-term ingestion of cocoa flavanols (ranging from five days up to three months) has generally been investigated in elderly individuals.<br /><br />It turns out that for them cognitive performance was improved by a daily intake of cocoa flavanols.<br /><br />Factors such as attention, processing speed, working memory, and verbal fluency were greatly affected. These effects were, however, most pronounced in older adults with a starting memory decline or other mild cognitive impairments.<br /><br />This was exactly the most unexpected and promising result according to authors Valentina Socci and Michele Ferrara.<br />"This result suggests the potential of cocoa flavanols to protect cognition in vulnerable populations over time by improving cognitive performance," said Valentina Socci, from the University of L'Aquila.</div><div align="justify"><br />"If you look at the underlying mechanism, the cocoa flavanols have beneficial effects for cardiovascular health and can increase cerebral blood volume in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus," said Socci.<br /><br />"This structure is particularly affected by ageing and therefore the potential source of age-related memory decline in humans," she said.<br /><br />"Regular intake of cocoa and chocolate could provide beneficial effects on cognitive functioning over time," researchers said.<br /><br />However, they also warn of potential side effects of eating cocoa and chocolate.<br /><br />Those are generally linked to the caloric value of chocolate, some inherent chemical compounds of the cocoa plant such as caffeine and theobromine, and a variety of additives added to chocolate such as sugar or milk.</div></div>
<div align="justify">Eating chocolates regularly can help boost cognitive abilities and mental health, as well as reduce memory decline in older adults, a study has found.<br /><br />Researchers from University of L'Aquila in Italy found that the cocoa bean is a rich source of flavanols - a class of natural compounds that has neuroprotective effects.<br /><br />They examined existing studies for the effects of acute and chronic administration of cocoa flavanols on different cognitive domains.<div align="justify"><br />Although randomised controlled trials investigating the acute effect of cocoa flavanols are sparse, most of them point towards a beneficial effect on cognitive performance.</div><div align="justify"><br />Participants showed, among others, enhancements in working memory performance and improved visual information processing after having had cocoa flavanols.</div><div align="justify"><br />For women, eating cocoa after a night of total sleep deprivation counteracted the cognitive impairment that such a night brings about, researchers said.<br /><br />Promising results for people that suffer from chronic sleep deprivation or work shifts.<br /><br />It has to be noted though, that the effects depended on the length and mental load of the used cognitive tests to measure the effect of acute cocoa consumption.<br /><br />In young and healthy adults, for example, a high demanding cognitive test was required to uncover the subtle immediate behavioural effects that cocoa flavanols have on this group.</div><div align="justify"><br />The effects of relatively long-term ingestion of cocoa flavanols (ranging from five days up to three months) has generally been investigated in elderly individuals.<br /><br />It turns out that for them cognitive performance was improved by a daily intake of cocoa flavanols.<br /><br />Factors such as attention, processing speed, working memory, and verbal fluency were greatly affected. These effects were, however, most pronounced in older adults with a starting memory decline or other mild cognitive impairments.<br /><br />This was exactly the most unexpected and promising result according to authors Valentina Socci and Michele Ferrara.<br />"This result suggests the potential of cocoa flavanols to protect cognition in vulnerable populations over time by improving cognitive performance," said Valentina Socci, from the University of L'Aquila.</div><div align="justify"><br />"If you look at the underlying mechanism, the cocoa flavanols have beneficial effects for cardiovascular health and can increase cerebral blood volume in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus," said Socci.<br /><br />"This structure is particularly affected by ageing and therefore the potential source of age-related memory decline in humans," she said.<br /><br />"Regular intake of cocoa and chocolate could provide beneficial effects on cognitive functioning over time," researchers said.<br /><br />However, they also warn of potential side effects of eating cocoa and chocolate.<br /><br />Those are generally linked to the caloric value of chocolate, some inherent chemical compounds of the cocoa plant such as caffeine and theobromine, and a variety of additives added to chocolate such as sugar or milk.</div></div>