Stretching like a dragon across China’s mountains, deserts, and plains, the Great Wall is one of the most remarkable creations in human history. But why is it so long?
The answer lies in centuries of history. More than 2,000 years ago, China’s emperors wanted to protect their lands from nomadic groups who raided from the north. Instead of one single wall, different rulers built smaller sections over time, linking them together. The result was an enormous defensive line that eventually stretched more than 21,000 kilometres—longer than half the Earth’s circumference!
The Wall wasn’t just about defence. It also served as a way to control trade along the Silk Road, where merchants travelled with silk, spices, and ideas. Watchtowers helped soldiers spot approaching enemies, while gates controlled who could pass. Built with stone, brick, and even packed earth, the Wall followed the shape of the land, snaking over steep hills and through deep valleys.
Today, only parts of the Great Wall remain, but they still inspire awe. Tourists from around the globe climb its steps to imagine the soldiers who once stood guard. It may no longer defend an empire, but it remains a symbol of determination and human effort—so long that it has become a wonder of the world.
Parts are made of unusual materials
In some regions, sticky rice mortar was mixed with stones to strengthen the wall, an ancient example of creative engineering.
It once had watchtowers with smoke signals
Soldiers used fire and smoke signals from towers to send urgent warnings across hundreds of kilometres.
Not all sections are ancient
Some parts seen today were rebuilt in the 20th century, making the wall both a ruin and a reconstruction.