JOIN USThe world is not ready for climate change, which poses a number of serious risks, says the planet’s leading body of climate scientists, writes Brian Clark Howard.
In Yokohama, Japan, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a major report on the impacts of climate change, with the goal of spurring world leaders to act more decisively to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The report warns of serious impacts from changing climate on agriculture and human civilisation and argues that governments are ill-prepared for its effects.
The thousands of scientists who wrote the report argue that world leaders have only a few years left to reduce carbon emissions enough to avoid catastrophic warming.
At the same time, governments must step up efforts to protect vulnerable communities from increased natural hazards associated with climate change.
The new report show that “today’s choices are going to significantly affect the risk that climate change will pose for the rest of the century,” says Kelly Levin, a scientist who studies the impacts of climate change at the World Resources Institute in Washington, D.C.
What is the IPCC?
The United Nations-affiliated IPCC is an association of thousands of scientists from around the world that was founded in 1988.
Since then it has released a report on the current state of scientific knowledge about climate change roughly every five years.
The new Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) updates the science since the last report was issued in 2007.
The new IPCC report warns that the world is close to missing a chance to limit the global warming that has occurred since the Industrial Revolution to two degrees Celsius, a goal that world leaders had previously agreed was an important target.
Beyond that point, impacts will begin to be unacceptably severe.
“There is potential for crossing a threshold that leads to large system changes, and that’s a very unknown world that has severe consequences,” Levin says.
If the warming were to go beyond four degrees Celsius, she says, as predicted by some climate models, “we would see extensive changes in agriculture.”
Some areas where people currently live could also be rendered uninhabitable due to extreme shifts in temperature, amount of water, or sea level.
Even at the lower end of predictions, the report warns, “Climate change will lead to increased frequency, intensity and or duration of extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall, warm spells and heat events, drought, intense storm surges and associated sea-level rise.”
Levin says the report may be a “wake-up call, letting people know that climate change is now everywhere and that impacts are already unfolding.”
She hopes the report will help fill in some details and serve as a call to action for international leaders to negotiate more aggressive attempts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
People aren’t ready.
The report from Working Group II further warns: “Impacts from recent extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and wildfires, demonstrate significant vulnerability and exposure of some ecosystems and many human systems to climate variability.These experiences are consistent with a significant adaptation deficit in developing and developed countries for some sectors and regions.”
When it comes to response to climate change, the next decade is critical and will “shape the rest of the century,” says Levin.
Energy companies and governments are actively planning and building the infrastructure that will be in service for decades, she notes.
“Whether we pick a low-emission or high-emission pathway, we may not see changes immediately, but in terms of a century it is a drastically different world.”
In response to the report, Frances Beinecke, the president of the Natural Resources Defense Council, says, “This is an SOS to the world: We can’t wait any longer to sharply curb carbon pollution – the primary driver of climate change. If we don’t, punishing rainfall, heat waves, scorching drought and fierce storm surges will worsen, and the toll on our health and economy will skyrocket.”
The massive report, running hundreds of pages, is being released in three sections prepared by three different Working Groups.
Working Group I focused on the physical science behind climate change; its report was published Sept. 27, 2013.
Working Group II is releasing its report this week on the impacts of climate change and how people might adapt to them.
In April, Working Group III will address how governments can work to mitigate climate change.