New Zealand's central bank loses its head as Adrian Orr suddenly resigns

The head of New Zealand's central bank resigned suddenly on Wednesday, ending a seven-year term that had become contentious at times after painfully high interest rates tipped the country into its worst downturn since 1991.

No reason was given for the surprise departure of Adrian Orr as governor of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, whose term will now end three years early on March 31.

"I leave the role with consumer price inflation at target, and an economy in a cyclical recovery following the long period of COVID-related disruption. The financial system remains sound," Orr said in a statement.

The current National Party-led government of Prime Minister Christopher Luxon has at times been critical of Orr's stewardship, blaming him for allowing inflation to soar after the pandemic and then for the high interest rates that led to recession.

Finance Minister Nicola Willis told reporters she had known for a few days that talks had been going on between Orr and the RBNZ board on him leaving, but offered no reason for the move.

Deputy Governor Christian Hawkesby will be the acting governor until March 31, when Willis - on the recommendation of the RBNZ board - will appoint a stand-in governor for up to six months as the central bank seeks a permanent replacement.

The announcement comes just as the RBNZ is hosting an international conference of central bankers and academics to celebrate 35 years of its world-beating adoption of inflation targeting as a focus of monetary policy.

Orr was reappointed as the central bank governor for another five-year term in March 2023 before the National Party won power, a decision that drew some criticism from Luxon.

While Orr helped lead a massive stimulus programme to help the country deal with the economic damage caused by the pandemic, that in turn helped ignite a painful flare up in inflation.

The RBNZ reacted by raising interest rates aggressively from a record low of 0.25 per cent to ultimately reach an eye-watering 5.50 per cent and tipping the economy into recession last year.

This was New Zealand's worst economic downturn since 1991 outside of the pandemic, which analysts blame in part on low productivity and various policy missteps, in part caused by unreliable data.

At the bank's last monetary policy meeting on February 19, Orr had shown no inclination of leaving as he announced a half point cut in interest rates to 3.5 per cent.

He also flagged further easings of a quarter point in April and May, which financial markets were still fully priced for. The local dollar also showed limited reaction, dipping only slightly to $0.5652.