A window for peace

India and Pakistan are seldom on the same page. Partly, it is because they carry the baggage of tragic history and partly because they have no trust in each other. Above all, there is a general perception in India that since the army is a decisive factor in the affairs of Pakistan, it is not possible to foster any meaningful relationship until it becomes a democratic polity in the real sense. In fact, from the time Gen Mohammad Ayub Khan took over the reins of Pakistan in 1958, India has assumed that no normalcy between the two countries is achievable.

After becoming the Martial Law Administrator, General Ayub offered even a ‘joint defence pact.’ India’s then prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru spurned the offer with the remark: “Joint defence against whom?” The leaders of the two other military regimes in the seventies and later—Gen Zia-ul Haq and Gen Pervez Musharraf—were never taken seriously because New Delhi believed that their say from the military point of view would never allow any exercise for peace to succeed.

Pakistan’s chief of army staff Pervez Kayani has jolted India’s past thinking by advocating ‘peaceful coexistence’ between the two countries. But his suggestion that the civil and military leaderships should discuss ways to resolve the issue is a bit confusing. He should know that the military leadership in India is not part of the decision-making process which is primarily in the hands of the elected representatives.

Gen Kayani’s proposal does not stop at the Siachen glacier. He has hinted at a follow-up and has thus belied the impression that peace between India and Pakistan is hostage to the army’s hawkish thinking. He has given a window of opportunity which the governments on both sides should grab with both hands to normalise relations. Unless there is a back channel working on Kayani’s suggestion, New Delhi is not reacting officially. The media has by and large welcomed Kayani’s proposal but otherwise the comment has been guarded. The question is whether the Indian forces would withdraw from the Siachen glacier because president Asif Ali Zardari has rejected the unilateral withdrawal as was suggested by former prime minister Nawaz Sharif.

However, if Pakistan were to do so, it would put India under a lot of pressure to reciprocate. Morally, New Delhi’s position would be so untenable that it would have to withdraw the forces. Even if we rule out this line of thinking, Pakistan would have to assure India that Islamabad would not try to occupy the vacant area if and when New Delhi withdraws. After all, when India sent its troops to Siachen in 1984, it suspected that Pakistan was about to do so. (Indian intelligence agencies found that Pakistan had ordered high-altitude mountaineering gears from a London trader who used the supply the same to New Delhi).

Upholding democratic change

Whatever Pakistan decides, it has to have the nod of Gen Kayani. He cannot go against the wishes of the Pakistani people who want peace with India. Gen Kayani can neither be oblivious to the fact that a military takeover in Pakistan is well-nigh impossible when all political parties have now joined hands to uphold the dictum of democratic change.

I wish the reaction in India had been more forthcoming. There is a long dreary period of mistrust. But it has to be dispelled by sitting across the table and not putting any conditions before doing so. Gen Kayani has mentioned all outstanding problems between the two countries which need to be put on the table for solution.

The solution to Siachen glacier should present no problems because both sides have gone over the details in the last several years. There was a time when prime minister Rajiv Gandhi had initialed a settlement, agreeing to a no-man land status. But the signatures could not take place because some Indian army commanders had a different point of view. They saw some strategic advantage which some others commanders dispute. If the Line of Control could be delineated after the Shimla conference up to the area near the glacier, the same line can be extended right up to the end.
Otherwise, the two sides will continue to pay a heavy price in terms of soldiers and logistics. Once again it is distrust which rules out an agreement.

The climate for a dialogue on all problems is conducive. People on both sides want it. Gen Kayani said that the army understood well the need to bring down the defence budget, adding,  “we would like to spend less on defence” because ultimately “security doesn’t only mean secure border but the welfare of the people.” This means that the army is ready to take cuts. This also means the reduction of troops on the border.

The solutions to Siachen glacier and that of Sir Creek, which prime minister Manmohan Singh has said are ‘doable,’ will create an atmosphere of give and take and it is quite on the cards that some way out may be found to solve Kashmir. Most important is that the aperture of peace should not be allowed to be shut without both sides going to the maximum limit in accommodating each other. If Gen Kayani, a soldier and not a politician, can talk of permanent peace between the two countries why not the rulers?

There are voices which may say ‘Can we trust them?’ By not trusting, both have fought three wars, apart from the Kargil incursion. Let them, for a change, trust each other. Otherwise, history will hold the present governments responsible for letting the opportunity for peace go by.