The Supreme Court of India.
Credit: iStock Photo
The Supreme Court has ruled that Tiger Global's $1.6 billion stake sale in e-commerce firm Flipkart to Walmart is subject to taxes, handing a win to New Delhi in a landmark ruling on companies' use of international tax treaties.
Keenly watched by foreign investors, the dispute relates to how the US investment firm used the India-Mauritius tax treaty to claim tax exemptions and New Delhi's fierce objections to it.
The ruling will set a precedent for how India applies tax principles in future cross-border deals.
Tiger Global had been locked in a legal tussle with Indian tax authorities over the 2018 stake sale, a deal that was part of US retail giant Walmart's $16 billion acquisition of Flipkart.
Tiger Global did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the ruling.
'Impermissible tax avoidance arrangement'
Supreme Court judge Justice R Mahadevan said Tiger Global's transaction was designed as an "impermissible tax avoidance arrangement". It, therefore, cannot claim an exemption from paying tax on the profit from the stake sale, he added.
"This is a judgment which is now watched today all over the world, not just domestically," N Venkataraman, the Indian Government's top lawyer, said in court following the decision.
The stake sold — 17 per cent according to local media reports — was at the time held by Tiger Global's units in Mauritius. And the investment firm argued that the India-Mauritius tax treaty exempted it from paying tax on its profits from the transaction.
Indian tax authorities, however, said Tiger Global's Mauritius units served merely as a conduit for the US parent company, and it had improperly used the treaty to avoid paying tax.
Tiger Global has said that description of its subsidiaries is incorrect.
The Supreme Court had been hearing the case since January 2025 as Indian tax authorities challenged a previous Delhi High Court ruling in favour of Tiger Global that found no wrongdoing.
Walmart competes with Amazon in India's thriving e-commerce market, where online shopping has boomed in recent years. Walmart has not previously commented on the matter.