German researchers studied more than 19,300 people over a decade and found those who ate the most chocolate – an average of 7.5 gms a day – had lower blood pressure and a 39 per cent lower risk of having a heart attack or stroke than those who ate the least amount of chocolate – an average of 1.7 gms a day.
But, the difference between the two groups was just under 6 grams of chocolate a day, less than one small square of an average 100g bar, they wrote in a study in the “European Heart Journal” to be published on Wednesday.
Brian Buijsse of the German Institute of Human Nutrition in Nuthetal, who led the study, said people should not use his work as an excuse to stuff themselves with chocolate.
“Small amounts of chocolate may help to prevent heart disease, but only if it replaces other energy-dense food, such as snacks, in order to keep body weight stable,” he said.
Although they said more work needed to be done to be sure, the researchers think the flavanols in cocoa may be the reason why chocolate seems to be good for blood pressure and heart health – and since there is more cocoa in dark chocolate, dark chocolate may have a greater effect.
Flavanols are a class of the antioxidant flavonoids that are found in many vegetables, cocoa and red wine. “Flavanols appear to be... responsible for improving the bioavailability of nitric oxide from the cells that line the inner wall of blood vessels,” said Buijsse. Nitric oxide is a gas that, once released, causes the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to relax and widen, he said, adding that this may contribute to lower blood pressure.
For their chocolate study, the researchers used data from participants of a larger study called European Prospective Investigation into Cancer . They followed more than 19,300 over more than 10 years during which time their blood pressure, height and weight measurements as well as details of their diet, lifestyle and health were recorded.
Buijsse said to put in terms of absolute risk, the findings showed that if people in the group eating the least amount of chocolate increased their chocolate intake by six grams a day, 85 fewer heart attacks and strokes per 10,000 people could be expected to occur over a period of about 10 years.
