First US Covid-19 shots could be given 24-48 hours after FDA nod: Health official

Healthcare workers and others recommended for the first Covid-19 inoculations could start getting shots within 24 hours after the vaccine receives regulatory authorization, the chief adviser for the US government's Operation Warp Speed program said on Tuesday.

Moncef Slaoui, a former GlaxoSmithKline executive overseeing the vaccine portion of the US program, said he hopes 20 million people will have been vaccinated by the end of this year.

"Within 24 hours, maybe at most 36 to 48 hours, from the approval, the vaccine can be in people's arms," Slaoui said at an event conducted by The Washington Post.

Slaoui said practice shipping runs -- without vaccines -- have been conducted to prepare for initial distribution expected to begin in mid-December once Pfizer Inc receives an emergency use authorization (EUA) from the US Food and Drug Administration for its vaccine.

Pfizer applied for the EUA on November 20 after publishing data that showed the vaccine developed with German partner BioNTech SE was 95% effective in preventing Covid-19.

A committee of outside expert advisers is scheduled to meet on December 10 to discuss the data and make a recommendation to the FDA on whether to grant authorisation. The agency typically follows the advice of these expert committees.

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States will be in charge of distributing vaccines to their populations. Slaoui said the federal government will ship doses to the locations identified in state plans.

The United States should have 60 million to 70 million doses a month by January, between both the Pfizer and Moderna Inc vaccines, Slaoui said. Moderna's vaccine, which was about equally effective, will be reviewed by the expert panel a week after Pfizer's.

Both vaccines require patients to receive two doses about a month apart.

If experimental vaccines from Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca Plc also receive emergency approval, Slaoui said that will add 30 million to 50 million additional doses.

If there are four approved vaccines by early next year, manufacturing of doses should ramp up significantly in about March or April to about 150 million shots per month, he said.

J&J has said that it is on track to release an interim analysis of its large vaccine trial late this year or early next year. It would likely then need full data from the trial before applying for authorization.

Speedy US clearance for the AstraZeneca vaccine appears unlikely. The company and Oxford University researchers released interim data on November 23 that showed its vaccine was on average 70% effective and could be up to 90% effective against the virus with an alternate dosing regimen.

Some scientists have raised doubts about the strength of AstraZeneca's data after it turned out that patients in the UK part of the trial that showed 90% efficacy had accidentally received a half dose of the vaccine followed by the full dose.

AstraZeneca said that it will likely run an additional global trial using that dosing regimen to confirm those results.