Zimbabwe's police fired tear gas Friday to disperse anti-government protesters in the centre of the capital, Harare.
A few hundred demonstrators gathered in Africa Unity Square, despite a police ban on the protest that was upheld by Zimbabwe's High Court.
Police fired tear gas which engulfed the central square to disperse the protesters, who ran into nearby streets. Some demonstrators were arrested by police and several were arrested. At least one person, a woman, was beaten by police.
The clashes came after Zimbabwe's High Court upheld the police ban on the opposition protest.
The court early Friday rejected the application from the opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change, to declare the planned protest to be legal.
Although protesters gathered, many more Harare residents stayed off the streets and many shops closed to avoid any possible trouble.
The opposition party had planned what it said would be a peaceful protest to press President Emmerson Mnangagwa to set up a transitional authority to address economic problems and organise credible elections.
The protests will spread to other cities next week, the opposition said.
Zimbabwe's economic turmoil with inflation at 175 per cent, widespread power cuts lasting up to 19 hours a day and shortages of water are blamed for the rising political tensions.
From the hope that swept across the country with the forced resignation of repressive ruler Robert Mugabe in November 2017, the nation has returned to widespread resentment and fear, according to government critics and residents.
Six anti-government activists were abducted and tortured this week ahead of the protests, according to human rights groups.
Zimbabwe's president urged the opposition to engage in dialogue, but at the same time, his government pushed parliament to quickly adopt new security legislation criticised as repressive.
To discourage the protests teams of police officers searched vehicles at checkpoints on roads leading into the city. Police said the protests are likely to be violent, and warned people to stay away.
"Do not take part, you will rot in jail," shouted police officers through megaphones on Thursday in downtown Harare and some residential areas.
Mnangagwa, 77, came to power with promises of sweeping political and economic reforms.
But now his government is widely viewed as an extension of Mugabe's economic mismanagement and even more heavy-handed on security, according to human rights groups.
In addition to the debilitating shortages of power and water, about a third of Zimbabwe's 15 million people are in dire need of food aid, according to aid agencies.
Amnesty International Thursday accused Mnangagwa's administration of "using some of the brutal tactics seen under the government of Robert Mugabe," said Muleya Mwananyanda, Amnesty International's deputy regional director for southern Africa.
"Instead of listening to protestors' concerns about the economy, the authorities have used torture and abduction to crush dissent and instil fear."