Fact-check: The final US presidential debate

According to Johns Hopkins University, the US Covid-19 death toll stands at more than 223,000

President Donald Trump and his Democratic challenger Joe Biden sparred over the coronavirus response, US policy on China, and race in America in their second and final debate of the 2020 election.

Also read: Trump-Biden final US presidential debate: Covid-19, wind and Hitler

AFP examines what the candidates said on key issues at Thursday's event in Nashville.

Speaking about the coronavirus, Trump said: "2.2 million people modelled out were expected to die. We closed up the greatest economy in the world in order to fight this horrible disease."

Where does this figure come from?

The 2.2 million figure -- which the president has also previously used to defend his response to the virus -- is a description from a report by the Imperial College Covid-19 Response Team of what could happen if no action were taken at all.

"In an unmitigated epidemic, we would predict approximately 510,000 deaths in GB and 2.2 million in the US," it said.

The high toll projection has always been considered an unlikely worst case scenario, that would only occur if no preventative measures were taken.

US states, like other countries, did impose lockdowns and individuals, to varying degrees, have observed social distancing.

According to Johns Hopkins University, the US coronavirus death toll stands at more than 223,000.

When discussing the pandemic and US fatalities as the nation enters winter and a surge in cases, Biden said: "There are 1,000 deaths a day now. 1,000 deaths a day."

This is not wholly accurate. Over the past several months, there have been many days when American deaths from Covid-19 topped 1,000. For example an AFP tally based on national data and the Johns Hopkins University coronavirus resource center, showed that at 0030 GMT Friday, 1,035 deaths had been recorded in the past 24 hours.

However, the toll fluctuates. In the last seven days, for example, the tallies were 990, 854, 420, 509, 661, 796 and 1,103, respectively, representing an average of 762.

"China is paying, they're paying billions and billions of dollars," Trump said, apparently referring to money from tariffs imposed by his administration.

Biden countered that it was "taxpayers' money."

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Biden's characterisation of the situation is accurate. As the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center notes, a tariff "is almost always paid directly by the importer (usually a domestic firm), and never by the exporting country."

When talking about trade, Biden said of Trump: "He has caused the deficit with China to go up, not down."

This is inaccurate. The US trade deficit with China fell slightly to $344 billion by 2019, after rising to $418 billion in 2018. So, compared with 2016 -- the last year of the Obama administration when it was $347 billion -- the deficit has fallen.

For much of his term, Trump's tariff policy has aimed to reduce the trade deficit and end what he calls unfair trade practices.

Under a truce signed on January 15, 2020, China made a two-year commitment to import at least $200 billion worth of US agricultural, manufactured, seafood and other products and services, above what it purchased in 2017.

Also read: Joe Biden slams Donald Trump's friendship with 'thug' Kim Jong Un

Discussing race, an issue with higher public attention than in most election years following a series of high-profile police killings of Black citizens, Trump accused the former vice president of previously calling Black men "super predators" when he was a US senator.

This is false. The phrase "super predators" dates back to a crime bill co-written by Biden, but it was Hillary Clinton who said it when she was advocating for the legislation.

At Thursday's debate, Biden maintained that he did not say "super predators." He did, however, warn of criminal "predators" when making a speech on the Senate floor to push for the bill.