Preventing cybercrimes: A handy guide

In an increasingly digitised world, the rise of cybercrimes presents a significant challenge to the safety and security of our society. Criminals leverage the speed, anonymity and global reach of digital tools to commit crimes ranging from financial fraud, such as phishing, ransomware attacks, and hacking of cryptocurrencies, to large-scale data breaches aimed at stealing personal information or intellectual property.   

In 2024, people in Karnataka lost Rs 2,948.08 crore in more than 1,36,209 cyber fraud incidents reported on the National Crime Reporting Portal (NCRP), operated by the Ministry of Home Affairs(MHA), Government of India. Notably, Rs 2,079.01 crore of these losses occurred in Bengaluru city alone, underscoring the urgent need for individuals to safeguard themselves against cyber threats.

Let’s explore some of the typical tactics used by cybercriminals.

1. Identity theft: Criminals steal personal information (social security numbers, passwords) to access bank accounts, open new credit cards, or make unauthorised transactions.

2. Phishing: Fraudsters send fake emails, text messages, or other communications pretending to be from legitimate sources (banks or companies) to trick users into sharing personal or financial details.

3. SIM swapping and account takeover: Fraudsters duplicate SIM cards to take control of victims' banking and personal accounts, leading to financial losses and breach of personal information.

4. Investment frauds: Cyber criminals use digital platforms such as emails, fake websites, or social media to lure individuals into investing in bogus prospects that promise minimal risk and great rewards.

5. E-commerce frauds: Scammers operate fake online stores, fail to deliver purchased items, and run payment gateway scams that target online shoppers.

6. Cryptocurrency frauds: Fraudsters operate websites or apps that appear to be legitimate trading or investment platforms but are designed to steal deposits.

7. Online shopping scams: Electronic devices and smartphones are sold at huge discounts in some unverified online marketplaces that come with pre-installed malicious apps designed to steal users' data and money.

8. Cyberstalking and harassment: Predators misuse digital communication platforms to stalk individuals, send abusive messages, and threaten victims, causing emotional and psychological distress.

9. Social media crimes: Criminals create fake profiles, engage in cyberbullying, and carry out sextortion by exploiting personal information shared on social media. Fake foreign job campaigns also lure unemployed youth, turning them into cyber slaves in Southeast Asian countries.

10. Ransomware attacks: Cybercriminals use malicious software to lock personal data and demand a ransom from victims in exchange for restoring access to their information.

11. Digital arrest scam: A fraudulent scheme where scammers impersonate law enforcement or government officials through online communications (email, phone calls, or video calls) to convince victims they're under investigation or have legal problems. The scammers claim the victim must pay fines or transfer funds immediately to avoid arrest, prosecution, or other severe consequences.

How to prevent:

1. Beware of investment fraud

Do not let greed influence your decisions; always conduct thorough research before investing anywhere. Always avoid investing money in unverified platforms or apps, especially those shared as links or APK files on social media or chat applications. Be extra cautious when someone approaches you on encrypted messaging apps like WhatsApp or Telegram, as criminals often use these platforms to promote fraudulent schemes and seek investments. Please remember that the success stories of receiving huge returns shared in the groups are from fraudsters.

2. Strengthen digital security

Use strong and unique passwords for each of your online accounts and update them regularly. Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on your email, banking, and social media accounts for an extra layer of protection. Never let anyone use your bank account for transactions under any circumstances, as it could be misused as a mule account to transfer proceeds of crime, making you legally responsible. Always verify links before clicking, as fake websites often mimic official ones to steal your personal information. Additionally, be cautious of calls or messages, especially on encrypted apps like WhatsApp or Telegram etc., where scammers may impersonate officials or acquaintances to trick you into transferring money. Always double-check before making any money transfers based on funds requests received from your known ones on messaging applications.

3. Secure social media use

Do not believe everything you see online. Regularly review your privacy settings and limit access to your personal information. Always keep your social media accounts private to prevent the misuse of your details or photographs. Please verify before accepting friend requests from unknown individuals, as they may have malicious intentions.

4. Safe online transactions

Always shop from reputable e-commerce platforms and verify the website's security certificates before completing any transactions to ensure you are on a genuine website or app. Avoid using social media-based online selling platforms, as many of them have been found to be fake or fraudulent. Do not rely solely on reviews and ratings, as these can be fake and misleading; use your discretion before making a purchase. Always use trusted payment gateways, avoid saving card details online, and enable two-factor authentication (2FA) for all transactions.

5. Digital hygiene

Install genuine antivirus software and keep your devices updated with the latest security patches. Always use licensed operating systems and avoid installing cracked or pirated software, as it is illegal and often contains malware and spyware. Refrain from using public Wi-Fi for financial transactions. Exercise caution while using any publicly available mobile device charging stations.

What you can do in case you become a victim of cybercrime

* If you become a victim of cybercrime, taking immediate action is crucial. The first step is to document everything related to the incident. This includes taking screenshots, saving messages, emails, transaction details, and noting down timestamps.

* For financial cybercrimes, contact your bank or financial institution immediately. Call their fraud helpline to report the incident and request that they block any compromised cards or accounts. If unauthorised transactions have occurred, ask about their charge reversal process. Many banks have a limited timeframe for reporting fraud, so quick action is essential.

* The next critical step is filing an official cybercrime complaint. You can do this through cybercrime.gov.in, India's official cybercrime reporting portal. Alternatively, you can call the National Cybercrime Helpline at 1930 for immediate assistance. If you prefer an in-person report, visit your local police station to file a First Information Report (FIR).

* Staying informed is crucial to avoid falling victim to cybercrimes. Knowledge and awareness help you stay ahead of emerging threats. Regularly follow the officialhandles of CyberDost (I4C, MHA), CybercrimeCID,and BlrCityPolice to stay updated on the latest cybercrime trends. Participate in cyber safety workshops and encourage others to stay informed by spreading awareness about online safety practices. Staying updated on new tactics used by cybercriminals can significantly reduce the risk of falling prey to such crime.

Cybersecurity is an ongoing process, and staying vigilant is your best defence.

The author is the Director General and Inspector General of Police, Karnataka State.