Yet as the rest of the Internet moved on to social networks and mobile devices, Yahoo has failed to keep up. That became painfully clear on Tuesday when Yahoo’s board abruptly fired its chief executive, Carol A Bartz.
She focused on bolstering Yahoo’s online media and original reporting, but neglected to develop the new social networking tools, video services or mobile apps that people now prefer to use. In that way, the tale of Yahoo’s misfortunes is not just one of management woes, but a vivid illustration of the transition from websites that publish professional content to a new digital world dominated by mobile phones and sites where the users are the content creators.
Yahoo’s problems are shared with another Internet pioneer, AOL. Both astutely capitalised on the first huge shift in how people read, moving online from paper, but they failed to follow Internet users and advertisers to cellphone screens and social networks.
Both companies have tried to become media companies. Meanwhile, the next generation of companies, like Google and Facebook, have happily satisfied the demand for information and entertainment, not by creating content but by building mobile and social networking services that attract users and, increasingly, valuable advertisers.
“Yahoo hangs on to the pieces that made it a giant years ago,” said Forrester Research digital marketing analyst Shar VanBoskirk. “It assumes people will come to its website, and what users are looking for now is a much more syndicated experience that allows them to go to mobile devices and co-create content.”
As the way people use the Internet changed, she said, Yahoo and AOL “hit the wall and didn’t continue to evolve as the rest of the market did”. Yahoo’s sites, like its home page, email service and sites for finance and entertainment, still have a huge audience - 177.6 million unique visitors a month, according to comScore - second only to Google’s but more than Facebook’s. But while Yahoo’s traffic has flattened, both Google and Facebook are growing in popularity. And people spend about half as much time on Yahoo as they do on Facebook.
Advertisers are chasing what they say is more profitable prey - users of smartphones, video sites and social networks, and the companies that cater to them. Yahoo has always led in one of the most important corners of the advertising marketing: display ads, those that show images and video. But Facebook and Google are closing in on Yahoo, in large part because they can offer advertisers more personal information about users.
Yahoo’s slice of the display advertising pie has shrunk for three years in a row, according to eMarketer, a digital-marketing research firm. Last year, its share of display ads was 14.4 percent, compared with 12.2 per cent for Facebook and 8.6 percent for Google. But this year, Facebook will surge ahead of Yahoo with 17.7 per cent to Yahoo’s 13.6 per cent, eMarketer predicts. And by next year, Google will have nearly caught up to Yahoo, too, with 12.3 per cent of display ads compared with 12.5 per cent at Yahoo and 19.4 per cent at Facebook.
“Yahoo still has an enormous amount of traffic,” said eMarketer principaDavid Hallerman, principal analyst at eMarketer. “But more and more ad buys are being made in a more targeted way.” Advertisers are attracted to information that Facebook has about a user’s friends or Google has about a user’s search queries, he said.
Hallerman compared Yahoo and its audience to the mass-circulation magazines of the 1960s, like Life and Look. Those publications were done in by the shift among advertisers to magazines aimed at specific groups like celebrity news or golf. “The idea of a portal trying to be everything to everybody is outdated,” he said.
Advertising executives also criticised Yahoo for the shortcomings of its advertising technology as well as executive turnover that meant that every few months, ad agencies had to teach a new Yahoo executive about its accounts. “When you look at Yahoo, there’s a lot of distractions,” said Christian Juhl, president of the Western region at Razorfish, a digital ad agency owned by Publicis Groupe.
Competition did better
In 2007, Google bought DoubleClick, a display advertising company, to compete with Yahoo. Two years later Google had developed DoubleClick Ad Exchange, which was more efficient for buyers and sellers of ad space. It invested heavily to acquire or create tools for targeting, serving and optimising online display ads. It has also invested in YouTube, its video site, to try to lure TV advertisers to display ads.
“You see the likes of Facebook and Google eating their lunch,” said Julie Berger, vice president and managing director for digital at the Los Angeles office of Horizon Media, a leading media agency. “Consumers’ habits are changing,” and Yahoo executives have not sufficiently realised that, she said.
But even as Internet users began to surf the Web differently - reading bits and pieces on different sites and devices - Yahoo and AOL dug in, creating content as they had in their heyday in the 1990s.
Tim Armstrong, AOL’s chief executive since 2009, is investing heavily in news and original reporting. His biggest bet was to buy The Huffington Post, the news and aggregation site founded by Arianna Huffington, for $315 million earlier this year. He also bought the tech blog TechCrunch and is pushing into local news with Patch, which has reporters in more than 800 towns writing about city council meetings, neighborhood crimes and civic events.
But like Yahoo, Armstrong is dealing with unhappy shareholders and calls to break the company into pieces and sell them off. AOL has an investment bank and attorney specialising in mergers and acquisition on retainer. A steady decline in its Internet access business makes increasing its overall advertising business difficult. In the latest quarter, AOL reported a 5 per cent gain in global advertising sales, its first increase since spinning out of Time Warner in 2009, but it remains a money loser.
Bartz took a parallel approach at Yahoo, hiring dozens of journalists and bloggers and buying Associated Content, which enlists amateur journalists to write about a variety of topics. Its first social network, Yahoo 360, introduced in 2005, never caught on.
Inside Yahoo, on Thursday, the management team held an all-hands meeting with employees to try to reassure them about the company’s future. Jerry Yang, Yahoo’s co-founder who was pushed out as chief executive before Bartz was hired, said the decision to remove Bartz was a difficult one but said that the company should be growing faster.
“We’re at a critical time in Yahoo’s history,” he said. It may not have been what advertisers want to hear. “What advertisers want is an innovator, a partner that is going to help them know the next best place to reach their customers,” said VanBoskirk. “Yahoo’s problem is they look like a legacy player that’s not thinking about the next thing.”
