Gaping dangers of sharing vapes

Sharing vapes and drinks may seem harmless, but it carries significant health risks, including the transmission of infections, nicotine overdose, and lung injuries, warns Dr Shivakumar R.

Sharing vapes and drinks in social settings may seem harmless, but it comes with significant health risks. Despite being banned in India, it might appear to be a casual interaction that can normalise vaping and increase usage, particularly among younger individuals who might otherwise not engage in the habit. Additionally, the exchange of saliva and exposure to harmful substances during the sharing of vapes or beverages can lead to the transmission of several infections and health problems like the common cold, flu, Covid-19, or even more serious infections like herpes simplex virus (which can cause brain encephalitis or fever) or mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus — also known as the kissing disease (EBV). So what are the health risks of sharing vapes and beverages?

Oral hygiene issues

Sharing vapes poses a direct risk to oral hygiene. The vape mouthpiece, which comes into direct contact with the mouth, can transfer bacteria from one person to another. This exchange may increase the likelihood of throat and mouth infections. Similarly, when someone with dental issues (such as cavities or gum disease) shares a beverage, bacteria and other contaminants may spread, leading to potential infections. For individuals with weakened immune systems or existing oral health problems, fungal infections like thrush may also become a concern.

Transmission of blood-borne diseases

When sharing drinks, especially if someone has a cut or bleeding gums, the exchange of blood can be harmful. This opens the possibility for the transmission of blood-borne diseases such as HIV or hepatitis. Although the risk is lower as compared to other modes of exposure, sharing beverages in such conditions still carries a potential health threat.

EVALI (Vaping-Associated Lung Injury)

EVALI, or E-cigarette or Vaping Associated Lung Injury, has been a growing concern due to the potential harm from vaping. Sharing vapes increases the likelihood of exposure to harmful chemicals, especially when the vapes are filled with unregulated or unknown substances. Individuals may also transfer respiratory pathogens to others, increasing the chances of lung infections or symptoms like coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath.

Unintentional nicotine overdose

Nicotine tolerance varies from person to person. Sharing vapes may result in accidental nicotine overdose, especially when users are unaware of how much nicotine the other person is inhaling. Overdose symptoms can include dizziness, nausea, and rapid heartbeat. In extreme cases, it can lead to more severe reactions. The use of unregulated or homemade e-liquids only compounds this risk, as certain ingredients like propylene glycol or glycerine can irritate the lungs, especially when shared among individuals with varying sensitivities.

Cross-contamination

Cross-contamination is another risk associated with sharing vapes and drinks. Vape mouthpieces, especially if not cleaned regularly, can harbour bacteria and germs that are transferred when shared. The moist, warm conditions of the mouthpiece provide a perfect environment for bacteria to grow. Similarly, shared drink containers can introduce bacteria or viruses, including mould, if not properly cleaned. Even beverages contaminated with pathogens from undercooked food or expired products can cause illness when shared, exposing others to harmful bacteria like Salmonella or Campylobacter.

Exposure to allergic substances

Sharing drinks can also pose a risk for individuals with food allergies. If a drink contains ingredients that one person is allergic to, it could trigger an allergic reaction in another person. For example, sharing a beverage containing nuts, dairy, or gluten could result in an adverse reaction, even if the other individual doesn’t typically suffer from such allergies.

Meningitis: A serious health concern

Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening condition that can develop rapidly. Meningitis refers to the inflammation of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical, as bacterial meningitis can lead to severe complications such as brain damage, hearing loss, and even death. The symptoms, including fever, headache, nausea, and a stiff neck, can resemble those of the flu, which makes early diagnosis all the more crucial.

If bacterial meningitis is left untreated, it can lead to septic shock, multi-organ failure, or irreversible brain damage. In infants and children, untreated meningitis can result in developmental delays, memory issues, and learning difficulties. Even with treatment, bacterial meningitis carries a higher mortality rate compared to viral meningitis, emphasising the importance of prompt medical intervention.

In cases of meningitis caused by bacteria like Neisseria Meningitidis or Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), the infection can spread rapidly. Early diagnosis and isolation of the patient are essential to prevent further transmission, especially in close-contact environments such as schools, dormitories, or households. Close contacts may need prophylactic antibiotics or vaccination to prevent additional cases. Timely diagnosis enables doctors to administer the appropriate antibiotics quickly, reducing the risk of complications like antibiotic resistance. With early intervention, the prognosis for bacterial meningitis improves significantly, reducing hospital stays and enhancing recovery rates.

Preventing meningitis

Bacterial meningitis can be prevented through a combination of vaccination and healthy hygiene practices. Vaccines are available to protect against several strains of bacteria, including Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hib, and others. Vaccination is an essential tool in reducing the incidence of meningitis, particularly in communities where close contact is frequent.

Other preventive measures include:
 Regularly washing hands with soap and water to reduce the spread of germs.
 Covering coughs and sneezes to reduce the spread of respiratory droplets that can carry bacteria.
 Minimising close contact with people who have symptoms of meningitis or upper respiratory infections (such as coughing, sneezing, or fever).
 Avoid sharing items like drinking glasses, utensils, or personal care items that could spread bacteria.
Sharing vapes and beverages poses several health risks, ranging from the transmission of infections to potential long-term complications like meningitis. It is important to understand the dangers involved in sharing these items, particularly in social settings. The safest option is to refrain from sharing vapes and drinks, especially when someone is unwell, to reduce the risk of illness and contamination. Early diagnosis and treatment of serious conditions like bacterial meningitis can make a significant difference in outcomes, underscoring the importance of seeking medical care when necessary.

(The author is the head and senior consultant of Neurology at a leading chain of hospitals in Bengaluru.