Japan Q1 GDP shrinks 1.3%, hit by Covid restrictions

Japan's economy contracted 1.3 per cent in the three months to March after the government reimposed virus restrictions in major cities as infections surged, data showed Tuesday.

The quarter-on-quarter fall came after the world's third-largest economy grew for two quarters to December, but the expansion was stopped in its tracks by a winter increase in coronavirus cases.

The government imposed new virus states of emergency in January in response, urging people to stay at home and calling for restaurants to close earlier.

The 1.3 per cent contraction was largely in line with economist expectations.

"Personal consumption has been particularly hard hit by the Covid-19 emergency measures," Naoya Oshikubo, senior economist at SuMi TRUST, said in an analysis issued before the release of the official data.

The data released by the cabinet office shortly before markets opened showed private consumption fell 1.4 per cent, following two quarters of expansion, reflecting slower spending in the services sector.

Capital investment also dropped 1.4 per cent, though housing investment rose 1.1 per cent.

The drop in private consumption was not as bad as some had feared, noted Marcel Thieliant, senior Japan economist at Capital Economics.

The two "big disappointments", he wrote in a note, came from drops in non-residential investment and public demand.

And while exports were up 2.3 per cent, imports rose by a larger 4.0 per cent, "so net trade knocked 0.2%-points off GDP growth," he added.

Economists warn that the slowdown is likely to continue, with the government forced to impose a third state of emergency in several parts of the country -- including economic engines Tokyo and Osaka -- earlier this month.

The emergency measures are tougher than in the past, and have been extended to the end of May and expanded to several other regions in recent days.

"The GDP slump will continue in Q2 2021. The third state of emergency introduced in April calls for shorter working hours and longer leave periods than previous ones, and may even be extended further," wrote Oshikubo.

Further complicating the growth picture is Japan's comparatively slow vaccine rollout.

"With the medical situation still worsening and the vaccine rollout too slow, it will take until the end of the year for output to return to pre-virus levels," Thieliant said.

Japan's economy registered its first annual contraction since 2009 last year, reeling from the effects of the pandemic despite experiencing a smaller outbreak than many countries.

Revised figures released Tuesday showed the annual contraction was marginally better than initially estimated, at -4.7 per cent, from the earlier -4.8 per cent figure.

Japan has so far registered around 11,500 coronavirus deaths, and has avoided the strict lockdowns seen in some places.

But the pandemic has nonetheless hit the economy hard in a country already struggling with weak consumption and a years-long effort to turbocharge inflation.

Analysts do not expect to see recovery in growth before the third quarter now, though Capital Economics warned risks to that forecast were tilted to the downside given the current virus resurgence and slow vaccination pace.

Oshikubo also noted that a global semiconductor shortage caused by surging demand for chips used in personal electronic devices and modern vehicles remains a risk.

"We expect choppy waters ahead for manufacturing in the next quarter," he warned.