Cyberbullying less harmful than in-person harassment

Cyberbullying may be less emotionally harmful to kids than in-person harassment because it is likelier to be of shorter duration and not involve significant power imbalances, according to a new study.

Researchers at the University of New Hampshire found that contrary to popular belief, cyberbullying that starts and stays online is no more emotionally harmful to youngsters than harassment that only occurs in-person.

In fact, cyberbullying may actually be less disturbing because it is likelier to be of shorter duration and not involve significant power imbalances, researchers said.

The researchers analysed data from the Technology Harassment Victimization Study and focused on telephone interviews conducted in 2013-2014 with 791 American youth ages 10-20 (49 per cent male).

Of these, 34 per cent reported 311 harassment incidents in the prior year. Among the harassment incidents, 54 per cent were in-person only; 15 per cent involved technology only; and 31 per cent involved a combination of the two.

Although technology-only incidents were more likely to involve large numbers of witnesses, they were least likely to involve multiple perpetrators, the study found.

Also, while technology-only incidents were more likely to involve strangers or anonymous perpetrators, this appeared to be less distressing to youth than harassment by schoolmates and other known acquaintances.

"Technology-only incidents were less likely than in-person only incidents to result in injury, involve a social power differential and to have happened a series of times," said lead researcher Kimberly J Mitchell, who is with the Crimes against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire.

"Mixed episodes, those that involved both in-person and technology elements, were more likely than technology-only episodes to involve perpetrators who knew embarrassing things about the victim, happen a series of times, last for one month or longer, involve physical injury and start out as joking before becoming more serious.

"It is these mixed episodes that appear to be the most distressing to youth," Mitchell said.

Many researchers and advocates have assumed that technology-based bullying would be particularly damaging to victims because online harassers can post pictures or videos, anonymously and to large audiences, and because the aggression can reach the targets any time of the day or night.

However, the new findings suggest that technology by itself does not necessarily increase the seriousness and level of distress associated with peer harassment.

"Instead, data from this study indicated that factors such as duration, power imbalance, injury, sexual content, involvement of multiple perpetrators, and hate/bias comments are some of the key factors that increase youth distress," said co-author Heather Turner.
The study is published in American Psychological Association's journal Psychology of Violence.