Parochialism to the fore

Riots Over Water

The horrors of partition came to my mind when I saw the television beaming pictures of rioting in Bengaluru. It was the same way I felt when partition took place and we, the people living in the then newly-constituted state of Pakistan, had to leave our home and hearth to migrate to India.

I never imagined that a cosmopolitan city like Bengaluru could be the scene of arson over a water dispute, which would go to the extent of mobs attacking properties owned by the Tamils.

Leading IT firms preferred to open their offices in the city because they considered it liberal and peaceful. If someone had asked me at that time whether such a scene could be repeated at a place like Bengaluru, I would have said: no, never.

Yet, this has happened because the people known to be liberal were swept off their feet over appeals in the name of parochialism. Fortunately, Tamil Nadu Chief Minister J Jayalalithaa’s determination not to allow similar incidents to happen in her state prevented any reprisals. She rightly deserves the kudos for handling the problem before it could assume a proportion leading to indiscriminate violence.

There is a long-standing dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu on sharing of the Cauvery water. Karnataka had once refused to abide by the Supreme Court verdict on the amount of water to be released to Tamil Nadu.

Earlier, whenever such a situation had arisen, the people of both states had been at each other’s throat. So, what is happening in Bengaluru today is a mere repetition.

But what is the way out? Nobody can challenge the Supreme Court’s decision, but the problem can be solved by sitting across the table and arriving at a solution, particularly when people’s emotions are involved.

Since the river water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu is a sensitive issue, I recall former prime minister A B Vajpayee’s idea of evolving a consensus to handle the issue.

Knowledgeable circles have been warning the nation against the dangerous consequences of letting the river water dispute linger on. And to cap it all, all chief ministers of the states have been indulging in a slanging match, which does not go well with the idea of a federal structure which the Indian constitution demands.

Needless to say, it is difficult to find a consensus on the sharing of river waters than on any other subject. The protracted war of nerves between the two states on the sharing of Cauvery is a case in point.

Consensus can be evolved only when political parties rise above their parochial interests to use their vision to make water a factor that unites our country. They need to have the necessary will to achieve this noble goal. It is not impossible to find a formula protecting the interests of both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

I had always thought our real problem was population. I did mention this to an American Nobel Prize winner who contradicted me and said: “Your problem is going to be water.” We were discussing the ordeals that India would face in the years to come. Our views did not tally even after a long discussion.

What happened at Latur in Maharashtra some time ago has renewed the American’s warning to me. He had also given me an optimistic side: There is an ocean of water under the Yamuna-Gan-getic plain waiting to be tapped.

I wonder if this is true. Had it been so, the government would have done a scientific study by now to estimate the collected water. I have not heard of any such plan so far.

India has seven major rivers — Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus, Narmada, Krishna, Godavari and Cauvery — and numerous tributaries. New Delhi has set up bodies to have a systematic plan to harness not only water but also generate power.

Unsettled disputes

This has worked to a large extent but in certain parts of India, the fallout has been a series of disputes which, even after decades, remain unsolved. Haryana, then part of Punjab, has refused to release water to Rajasthan and Delhi.

This goes contrary to the stand New Delhi had taken when the Indus Water Treaty was signed. At that time, we argued that we wanted more water because we had to irrigate Rajasthan, which has a large part of desert.

Unfortunately, several incongruities are responsible for inter-state water disputes. Even after 70 years of independence, the disputes are far from being settled. When the Congress ruled both at the Centre and in the states, the problems never assumed an ugly shape.

The BJP, which then commanded only a few Lok Sabha members, did not count for much. It is a different scenario today. Now that it has a majority in Parliament, the party sees to it that the states run by it get the maximum benefit, rules or no rules.

However, the situation is different in the south. Both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are ruled by parties other than the BJP. New Delhi should have stepped in long ago. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who claims to have united different parts of the country into one unit, looks distant from the problems that Karnataka and Tamil Nadu face. His statements have been general. What is needed is tackling of the country’s problems arising out of language, border or water.

Hindus and Muslims who were living together for hundreds of years became strangers soon after partition and had no compunction even in raping women. They were facing, on a large scale, the situation which Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are encountering on a small scale today.

Sometimes, I shudder that the disputes among the states may take the shape of some kind of partition. When friends and neighbours could suddenly become strangers because they pursued a different religion, what the Kannadigas did on the streets of Bengaluru could well be a page from the history of partition.