JOIN USAction against Libya with no clear mission
“We are not going after Gadhafi,” Vice Adm William E Gortney said at the Pentagon on Sunday afternoon, even as reports from Tripoli described a loud explosion and billowing smoke at the Gadhafi compound, suggesting that military units or a command post there might have been a target.
That was a vivid sign that whatever their declared intentions, the military strikes by Britain, France and the US that began on Saturday may threaten the government itself.
But there is also the risk that Gadhafi may not be dislodged by air power alone. That leaves the question of whether the United States and its allies are committing enough resources to win the fight.
The delay in starting the onslaught complicated the path toward its end. It took 22 days from the time that Gadhafi’s forces first opened fire on protesters in Libya for the UN-backed military assault to begin.
By the time American cruise missiles reached Libyan targets on Saturday, Gadhafi’s troops, reinforced by mercenaries, had pushed Libyan rebels from the edge of Tripoli in western Libya all the way back to Benghazi in the east, and were on the verge of overtaking that last rebel stronghold.
But the strike, when it came, landed hard, turning the government force outside Benghazi into wreckage and encouraging the rebels to regroup.
“I hope it’s not too late,” Sen John McCain, said on the CNN programme ‘State of the Union’ on Sunday. “Obviously, if we had taken this step a couple of weeks ago, a no-fly zone would probably have been enough,” he said. “Now a no-fly zone is not enough. There needs to be other efforts made.”
Experts on the region, and even a few administration officials, acknowledge that the job of getting Gadhafi to step down might have been easier if the international assault had begun when rebels seemed to have held the upper hand, rather than when the anti-Gadhafi rebellion was compressed into Benghazi and its environs.
For Obama, who has explicitly said that Gadhafi has lost any right to govern, the conundrum is that the United Nations mandate does not authorise his removal. So Obama now says the goal is limited: to use force to protect the Libyan people and allow humanitarian aid to get through.
On Sunday, Adm Mike Mullen, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said on ‘Meet the Press’ on NBC that regime change was not the point of the military assault. “Certainly the goals of this campaign right now, again, are limited, and it isn’t about seeing him go,” Mullen said, referring to Gadhafi. “It’s about supporting the UN resolution, which talked to limiting or eliminating his ability to kill his own people as well as support the humanitarian effort.”
Asked if the military mission could be accomplished and Gadhafi still remain in power, Mullen replied: “That’s certainly potentially one outcome.”
Rebels’ role
At the same time, he said, the allies would like the government forces to return to their garrisons, but he said nothing about what the rebels should do under the alliance’s protective umbrella. House Republican leaders were quick to point out Sunday that the objective of the operation was being left unclear.
“The president is the commander in chief, but the administration has a responsibility to define for the American people, the Congress, and our troops what the mission in Libya is, better explain what America’s role is in achieving that mission, and make clear how it will be accomplished,” Speaker John A Boehner said in a statement.
The chairman of the House armed services committee, Rep Howard P McKeon of California, asked: “Are our goals aimed at protecting civilians in Libya, or the removal of Muammar Gadhafi from power? In either case, to what extent and for how long will military resources be utilised?”
Even some allies, including members of the Arab League, appeared to be wondering that.
Whatever the overt objectives, the damage to Gadhafi’s grip on power is already significant. The backbone of his air defence network is in ruins, his air force is effectively grounded, his ground forces in the east were pummelled, and Mullen said his logistical supply lines were about to be cut.
And while Gadhafi was not a target, Gortney said, “If he happens to be in a place, if he’s inspecting a surface-to-air missile site, and we don’t have any idea if he’s there or not, then ... ” He did not complete the sentence.
If Gadhafi manages to remain in power, that will leave the US and the UN-backed mission looking like a failure, foreign policy experts from all sides of the political spectrum said. “Barack Obama told Gadhafi to go; if Gadhafi doesn’t go, America will look diminished in the eyes of the world,” said Steven Clemons, senior fellow at the New American Foundation.
Stephen J Hadley, a former national security adviser to president George W Bush and an architect of the 2003 Iraq invasion, said at a forum in San Francisco on Saturday that he feared the limited approach “could set us up for failure.”
“I don’t quite see what is behind the strategy in Libya,” Hadley said, speaking while a small clutch of protesters — mostly yelling chants about Iraq — were on the streets below. “We are now in a situation where we have a mismatch of what the president said we want to do as a nation, what the UN Security Council authorises, and what we are actually ready to commit in resources.”
Obama, he said, “wants Gadhafi to go, but the UNSC resolution says we want to prevent a humanitarian disaster and attacks on civilians, and in terms of resources, the US. has been very reluctant to get involved militarily.”
Even many of Obama’s allies say that had the administration acted earlier — say 10 days earlier, before forces loyal to the Libyan leader took back so much territory — the process of ousting him would have been much easier. Sen John Kerry, the chairman of the Senate foreign relations committee, among others, urged a quicker response.
The administration argued that its hands had been tied until the Arab League and the UNSC acted — and that it is not too late now. Supported by the coalition air strikes, administration officials say, the rebel forces will most likely have the ability to regain momentum.