The German, Olympic champion at the distance, swam 23.73 seconds having taken 100 gold with another world record which she credited to her swimsuit on Friday.
Sweden's Therese Alshammar was second and Australian Cate Campbell finished joint-third with previous record holder Magdalena Veldhuis of the Netherlands. Defending champion Libby Trickett of Australia trailed in sixth.
Britain's Liam Tancock broke his own world record from the semifinals to take gold in the men's 50 metres backstroke on the day. Tancock, bronze medallist at the last Melbourne Worlds two years ago, swam 24.04 seconds with Japan's Junya Koga second and South Africa's defending champion Gerhard Zandberg third.
The Briton had clocked 24.08 in Saturday's semi-final to fire a warning to Koga, who had taken the 100 backstroke title on Tuesday. Spanish contender Aschwin Wildeboer could only finish fourth.
Meanwhile, American Ryan Lochte powered to victory in the men's 400 metres individual medley final. The American finished in four minutes 07.01 to beat compatriot Scott Tyler Clary and third-placed Hungarian Laszlo Cseh. Russia's Yuliya Efimova smashed the world record to take gold in the women's 50 metres breaststroke at the world championships on Sunday.
Efimova clocked 30.09 seconds with America's Rebecca Soni sealing silver and Australian Sarah Katsoulis third. Olympic champion Oussama Mellouli struck gold in the men's 1,500 metres freestyle final. The Tunisian clocked 14 minutes 37.28 with Canada's Ryan Cochrane taking silver and China's Sun Yang third. Michael Phelps-led United States smashed their own world record to win the men's 4x100 metres medley relay final.
The Americans swam three minutes 27.28 to finish ahead of second-placed Germany and Australia in third. Hungary's Katinka Hosszu snatched gold in the women's 400 metres individual medley. She surged through in four minutes 30.31 with Zimbabwe's Kirsty Coventry taking silver and Olympic champion Stephanie Rice of Australia bagging bronze.
Furuhashi passes away
Japanese swimming great Hironoshin Furuhashi has died peacefully in his sleep aged 80, FINA announced at a news conference on Sunday.
Furuhashi, nicknamed the ''Flying fish of Fujiyama", set some of the world's fastest times in the 400, 800 and 1500 metres freestyle during the late 1940s but could not race at the London Olympics because of Japan's post-World War II exclusion from international competition. He was in Rome at the world championships in his role as FINA vice president.
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