A party in a limbo

Can the Congress be retrieved? This was the question posed to me.  Another one was whether or not the party was indeed relevant. Answering the last question first, I said that a 150-year-old organisation which has loyal members even in the remotest rural areas, cannot be irrelevant. The Congress led the Independence movement and has ruled the country for more than five decades.

For my generation, Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Patel, who were the top two leaders of the Congress, are icons and I cannot forget the sacrifices people made under their leadership. Their words cou-nted a lot. The situation began to change after the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri, who succeeded Nehru. I had the privilege of working as the press officer with Shastri. He had doubts about Nehru’s succession plans and would often say, “unke dimaag me to unki putri hai (he has his daughter in mind).” But, Shastri would add that it would not be easy.

This turned out to be true because, after the death of Nehru, Morarji Desai was the first one to throw his hat in the ring. Congress president K Kamaraj did not want Morarji who he considered intractable and not accommodative for a country where it was essential to be conciliatory to take the people of different religions, castes and regions together.

Shastri did succeed Nehru but died early because of heart attack at Tashkent. My feeling is that had he lived, relations between India and Pakistan would have normalised.
I recall that after hearing the sudden death of Shastri, Pakistan president Gen Ayub Khan came to dacha where the Russians had put Shastri up. Gen Ayub said in my presence that “had he (Shastri) live,  Pakistan and India would have become long-lasting friends.”

Ayub also became the pallbearer of the coffin that carried Shastri’s body to the aircraft which flew it to Delhi. I think Ayub did echo the feelings of Pakistan because when I visited the country subsequently, people recollected Shastri’s friendship.

Z A Bhutto, then Pakistan’s foreign minister, was the spoiler. He did not want to sign a treaty which would shun violence in settling issues between India and Pakistan. And he flew straight from Tashkent to Islamabad and propagated that Ayub had sold the country to India. What Ayub had conceded was that the differences between India and Pakistan would be settled peacefully.

Shastri had made Ayub to write on the peace draft he had brought along “without resorting to arms.” The hand-written words in the text are retained by the National Archives of India. Although many people in Pakistan doubt this, the fact remains that General Ayub did sign the peace treaty because he, as the army chief, knew what devastation the wars caused.

With such long and big heritage, the Congress cannot be written off. In fact, the very history of Independent India begins with the movement which helped the country roll back the British Raj. It is true that the Congress has come down from the pedestal it had once occupied but it does not mean that it has become irrelevant.

Can the party be retrieved is a difficult question to answer. It had two major segments of followers: Dalits and Muslims. Mayawati, the Dalit leader, has cornered the people whom the Hindu religion itself had categorised as shudras (untouchables). In fact, there is no religion in the world which makes discrimination against its own people as part of its traditions.

In fact, if the Hindus were to analyse, they would find that the Muslims are converts from Hinduism because it did not treat them as equals, something which the Islam did. Today, when the RSS raises the banner of ghar wapsi, it should realise that such a thing cannot happen until the Hindus give up untouchability which is rampant in rural India. People of different castes may have begun sitting on the same bed, yet they still have separate wells and separate cremation grounds.

Too disciplinarian
The Muslims, after the establishment of Pakistan, have sought a party which is secular. The Congress, however, was not as firm in its ideology as it was during the days of Nehru and Patel. Still, the Muslims had no choice because the only alternative available to them after the Congress was the Communist Party. But this did not fit into their scheme of things; the party was too totalitarian and disciplinarian.

For a religion which has a holy book to follow, there was very little leeway. Islam attracted converts because it gave a sense of equality. Hadeesh (the spoken words) did give room for personal interpretations. But the loyal say that there could be no deviation from the book of roughly 1,400 years old because these were the words of Allah.

Yet, Islam over the years has changed. If it could severe from the rigid path, Hinduism should have no problems of in overhauling itself in the face of modern challenges. However, discrimination against Dalits is so deep that I do not expect many strides in this field. This is a challenge before the Hindus.

The experience so far has been far from happy. At the time of elections, some appeals are made and even top Hindu leaders from the Congress eat at the houses of Dalits. But all this wears off once the polls are over and people are back to their old moorings of discrimination.

If the Congress wants to retrieve its lost influence, it would have to cleanse its own house. Secularism has become just a word and many Congress leaders are as rabid as the BJP fanatics. Secularism is a commitment, an aptitude of mind. We have included secularism in the preamble of the constitution, but we are far from practising it. And, sometimes, I feel that India is trying to follow Pakistan where people wear religion on their sleeves to prove that they are firm Muslims.