Only high tax can check tobacco ills

It is good news for public health that a recent study by the international medical journal The Lancet has reported a decline in daily smoking in India in the period from 2005 to 2015. While there is only a small decrease of 2.5% in the prevalence of tobacco use all over the world, India has done better than many other countries. A statement by the Union health ministry in Parliament last year had shown a high 10% decline in the consumption of cigarettes. The production of cigarettes also declined during this period. The Family Health Survey-4 data in 13 states has supported this with a 3% decline in the use of tobacco among men. But there are other reports which showed an increase in smoking among women. However, more surveys may be needed to confirm the long-term trend.

The decline in smoking is being seen as a result of the campaign against the use of tobacco and the various steps taken by the government to curb it. Pictorial warnings on packaged tobacco products, statutory disclaimers in films and higher taxation are some of these steps. Smoking has also been banned near educational institutions and hospitals and in public places like roads. Though these measures have not been implemented fully and most effectively everywhere in the country, they have had some impact. The message on the packet may not be widely seen because a large number of cigarettes are sold as loose sticks. Imposition of high taxes is an effective measure recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). It has been found to be a good method to reduce smoking in most countries. But it leads to the emergence of a black market. India is the fourth largest illegal market for tobacco products. The limitations and loopholes in the existing anti-tobacco strategies should be identified and the steps should be better implemented.

Though there may be a decline in smoking, the prevalence of tobacco use is still high in India. There are about 275 million consumers and a million people die every year from tobacco-related diseases. The healthcare cost of treating diseases caused by tobacco is a high $22 billion. It should also be noted that cigarettes account for only 10% of the consumption of tobacco. Most of it is used in the form of beedis, gutka, pan masala etc. Their consumption should also be curbed if the fight against tobacco is to be a success. There is much more distance to cover to achieve the target of 30% reduction in the use of tobacco.